Bahasa Jepangnya “beradab”

sopan; teliti; terlalu sopan; santun

polite; careful; overly courteous; courteous

beradab; sopan

urbane

primitif; belum berkembang; belum mekar; tidak beradab

uncivilized; undeveloped (land); unbloomed (flower); uncivilised

Tiongkok dan negeri asing; negeri beradab dan tak beradab

China and foreign countries (from the perspective of China); civilized land and uncivilized land

kasar; tidak beradab

boorish; unrefined

dunia beradab

civilized world; civilised world

negara beradab; negara maju

civilized nation; civilised nation

Huaxia; negeri beradab; Tiongkok kuno

Huaxia (historical concept of China); civilized land

suku Ainu; orang udik; prajurit kasar; orang asing

peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); foreigner

dunia beradab

civilized world; civilised world

orang desa; orang kasar; orang sipil; Yeren (manusia kera legendaris)

rustic; ruffian; non-politician; Yeren

primitif dan biadab; tidak beradab dan barbar

primitive and barbarous; uncivilized and barbaric

negeri tak beradab; negeri liar

uncivilized country; savage land

penduduk asli tak beradab

uncivilized indigenes

orang udik; orang dari desa; orang desa yang tidak beradab

bumpkin; person from the country; unrefined person recently arrived from the countryside

bodoh; tidak tercerahkan; tidak beradab

ignorant; unenlightened; uncivilized; uncivilised

setengah terbuka; setengah beradab; terbuka sebagian

half-open; semicivilized; partly open; semicivilised

masyarakat beradab

civilized society; civilised society

orang beradab; masyarakat beradab

civilized person; civilized people

negeri barbar; negeri asing; negeri tak beradab

barbarian country; foreign country; uncivilized country